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1.
Cut-off values of haemoglobin and clinical outcomes in incident peritoneal dialysis: the PDTAP study.
Xu, X, Yang, Z, Li, S, Pei, H, Zhao, J, Zhang, Y, Xiong, Z, Liao, Y, Li, Y, Lin, Q, et al
Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 2024;(2):251-263
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the cut-off values of haemoglobin (Hb) on adverse clinical outcomes in incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients based on a national-level database. METHODS The observational cohort study was from the Peritoneal Dialysis Telemedicine-assisted Platform (PDTAP) dataset. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and modified MACE (MACE+). The secondary outcomes were the occurrences of hospitalization, first-episode peritonitis and permanent transfer to haemodialysis (HD). RESULTS A total of 2591 PD patients were enrolled between June 2016 and April 2019 and followed up until December 2020. Baseline and time-averaged Hb <100 g/l were associated with all-cause mortality, MACE, MACE+ and hospitalizations. After multivariable adjustments, only time-averaged Hb <100 g/l significantly predicted a higher risk for all-cause mortality {hazard ratio [HR] 1.83 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-281], P = .006}, MACE [HR 1.99 (95% CI 1.16-3.40), P = .012] and MACE+ [HR 1.77 (95% CI 1.15-2.73), P = .010] in the total cohort. No associations between Hb and hospitalizations, transfer to HD and first-episode peritonitis were observed. Among patients with Hb ≥100 g/l at baseline, younger age, female, use of iron supplementation, lower values of serum albumin and renal Kt/V independently predicted the incidence of Hb <100 g/l during the follow-up. CONCLUSION This study provided real-world evidence on the cut-off value of Hb for predicting poorer outcomes through a nation-level prospective PD cohort.
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Adversarial learning-based domain adaptation algorithm for intracranial artery stenosis detection on multi-source datasets.
Gao, Y, Ma, C, Guo, L, Liu, G, Zhang, X, Ji, X
Computers in biology and medicine. 2024;:108001
Abstract
Intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) is characterized by the pathological narrowing or occlusion of the inner lumen of intracranial blood vessels. However, the retina can indirectly react to cerebrovascular disease. Therefore, retinal fundus images (RFI) serve as valuable noninvasive and easily accessible screening tools for early detection and diagnosis of ICAS. This paper introduces an adversarial learning-based domain adaptation algorithm (ALDA) specifically designed for ICAS detection in multi-source datasets. The primary objective is to achieve accurate detection and enhanced generalization of ICAS based on RFI. Given the limitations of traditional algorithms in meeting the accuracy and generalization requirements, ALDA overcomes these challenges by leveraging RFI datasets from multiple sources and employing the concept of adversarial learning to facilitate feature representation sharing and distinguishability learning. In order to evaluate the performance of the ALDA algorithm, we conducted experimental validation on multi-source datasets. We compared its results with those obtained from other deep learning algorithms in the ICAS detection task. Furthermore, we validated the potential of ALDA for detecting diabetic retinopathy. The experimental results clearly demonstrate the significant improvements achieved by the ALDA algorithm. By leveraging information from diverse datasets, ALDA learns feature representations that exhibit enhanced generalizability and robustness. This makes it a reliable auxiliary diagnostic tool for clinicians, thereby facilitating the prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.
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High altitude hypoxia and oxidative stress: The new hope brought by free radical scavengers.
Li, X, Zhang, J, Liu, G, Wu, G, Wang, R, Zhang, J
Life sciences. 2024;:122319
Abstract
Various strategies can be employed to prevent and manage altitude illnesses, including habituation, oxygenation, nutritional support, and medication. Nevertheless, the utilization of drugs for the prevention and treatment of hypoxia is accompanied by certain adverse effects. Consequently, the quest for medications that exhibit minimal side effects while demonstrating high efficacy remains a prominent area of research. In this context, it is noteworthy that free radical scavengers exhibit remarkable anti-hypoxia activity. These scavengers effectively eliminate excessive free radicals and mitigate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby safeguarding the body against oxidative damage induced by plateau hypoxia. In this review, we aim to elucidate the pathogenesis of plateau diseases that are triggered by hypoxia-induced oxidative stress at high altitudes. Additionally, we present a range of free radical scavengers as potential therapeutic and preventive approaches to mitigate the occurrence of common diseases associated with hypoxia at high altitudes.
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A feature optimization study based on a diabetes risk questionnaire.
Jiang, L, Yang, Z, Liu, G, Xia, Z, Yang, G, Gong, H, Wang, J, Wang, L
Frontiers in public health. 2024;:1328353
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of diabetes, a common chronic disease, has shown a gradual increase, posing substantial burdens on both society and individuals. In order to enhance the effectiveness of diabetes risk prediction questionnaires, optimize the selection of characteristic variables, and raise awareness of diabetes risk among residents, this study utilizes survey data obtained from the risk factor monitoring system of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States. METHODS Following univariate analysis and meticulous screening, a more refined dataset was constructed. This dataset underwent preprocessing steps, including data distribution standardization, the application of the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) in combination with the Round function for equilibration, and data standardization. Subsequently, machine learning (ML) techniques were employed, utilizing enumerated feature variables to evaluate the strength of the correlation among diabetes risk factors. RESULTS The research findings effectively delineated the ranking of characteristic variables that significantly influence the risk of diabetes. Obesity emerges as the most impactful factor, overshadowing other risk factors. Additionally, psychological factors, advanced age, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, alcohol abuse, coronary heart disease or myocardial infarction, mobility difficulties, and low family income exhibit correlations with diabetes risk to varying degrees. DISCUSSION The experimental data in this study illustrate that, while maintaining comparable accuracy, optimization of questionnaire variables and the number of questions can significantly enhance efficiency for subsequent follow-up and precise diabetes prevention. Moreover, the research methods employed in this study offer valuable insights into studying the risk correlation of other diseases, while the research results contribute to heightened societal awareness of populations at elevated risk of diabetes.
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Application of Calcium Sulfate Whiskers to Cement-Based Materials: A Review.
Liu, G, Liao, Y, Sha, X, Liu, G, Zhang, Y, Guo, R, Yue, Y
Materials (Basel, Switzerland). 2024;(5)
Abstract
In recent years, significant attention has been paid to the use of calcium sulfate whiskers (CSWs) to enhance the performance of cement-based materials (CBM). This technology has attracted widespread interest from researchers because it enhances the performance and sustainability of CBM by modifying the crystal structure of calcium sulfate. This article summarizes the fundamental properties and preparation methods of calcium sulfate whisker materials as well as their applications in cement, potential advantages and disadvantages, and practical applications and prospects. The introduction of CSWs has been demonstrated to enhance the strength, durability, and crack resistance of CBM while also addressing concerns related to permeability and shrinkage. The application of this technology is expected to improve the quality and lifespan of buildings, reduce maintenance costs, and positively impact the environment. The use of CSWs in CBM represents a promising material innovation that offers lasting and sustainable advancement in the construction industry.
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Polyphenols as potential preventers of osteoporosis: A comprehensive review on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, molecular mechanisms, and signal pathways in bone metabolism.
Su, Z, Yao, B, Liu, G, Fang, J
The Journal of nutritional biochemistry. 2024;:109488
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone density, alterations in bone microstructure, and increased damage to the bones. As the population ages and life expectancy increases, OP has become a global epidemic, drawing attention from scientists and doctors. Because of polyphenols have favorable antioxidant and anti-allergy effects, which are regarded as potential methods to prevent angiocardipathy and OP. Polyphenols offer a promising approach to preventing and treating OP by affecting bone metabolism, reducing bone resolution, maintaining bone density, and lowering the differentiation level of osteoclasts (OC). There are multiple ways in which polyphenols affect bone metabolism. This article provides an overview of how polyphenols inhibit oxidative stress, exert antibacterial effects, and prevent the occurrence of OP. Furthermore, we will explore the regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways implicated in this process.
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First-in-Human Phase 1 Study Evaluating the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of DISC-0974, an Anti-Hemojuvelin Antibody, in Healthy Participants.
Novikov, N, Buch, A, Yang, H, Andruk, M, Liu, G, Wu, M, Howell, H, MacDonald, B, Savage, W
Journal of clinical pharmacology. 2024
Abstract
Pathologic elevations in hepcidin, a key regulator of iron homeostasis, contribute to anemia of inflammation in chronic disease. DISC-0974 is a monoclonal antibody that binds to hemojuvelin and blocks bone morphogenetic protein signaling, thereby suppressing hepcidin production. Reduction of systemic hepcidin levels is predicted to increase iron absorption and mobilize stored iron into circulation, where it may be utilized by red blood cell (RBC) precursors in the bone marrow to improve hemoglobin levels and to potentially alleviate anemia of inflammation. We conducted a first-in-human, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-ascending dose study to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of DISC-0974 in healthy participants. Overall, 42 participants were enrolled and received a single dose of placebo or DISC-0974 at escalating dose levels (7-56 mg), administered intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SC). DISC-0974 was well tolerated, with a safety profile comparable to that of placebo. Pharmacokinetic data was dose and route related, with a terminal half-life of approximately 7 days. The bioavailability of SC dosing was ∼50%. Pharmacodynamic data showed dose-dependent decreases in serum hepcidin, with reductions of nearly 75% relative to baseline at the highest dose level tested, and corresponding increases in serum iron in response to DISC-0974 administration. Dose-dependent changes in serum ferritin and hematology parameters were also observed, indicating mobilization of iron stores and downstream effects of enhanced hemoglobinization and production of RBCs. Altogether, these data are consistent with the mechanism of action of DISC-0974 and support the selection of a biologically active dose range for evaluation in clinical trials for individuals with anemia of inflammation.
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Raman spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics for identification of adulteration and fraud in muscle foods: a review.
Ma, H, Guo, J, Liu, G, Xie, D, Zhang, B, Li, X, Zhang, Q, Cao, Q, Li, X, Ma, F, et al
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2024;:1-23
Abstract
Muscle foods, valued for their significant nutrient content such as high-quality protein, vitamins, and minerals, are vulnerable to adulteration and fraud, stemming from dishonest vendor practices and insufficient market oversight. Traditional analytical methods, often limited to laboratory-scale., may not effectively detect adulteration and fraud in complex applications. Raman spectroscopy (RS), encompassing techniques like Surface-enhanced RS (SERS), Dispersive RS (DRS), Fourier transform RS (FTRS), Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS), and Spatially offset RS (SORS) combined with chemometrics, presents a potent approach for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of muscle food adulteration. This technology is characterized by its efficiency, rapidity, and noninvasive nature. This paper systematically summarizes and comparatively analyzes RS technology principles, emphasizing its practicality and efficacy in detecting muscle food adulteration and fraud when combined with chemometrics. The paper also discusses the existing challenges and future prospects in this field, providing essential insights for reviews and scientific research in related fields.
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Recent advances in the application of Mendelian randomization to chronic kidney disease.
Wen, C, Chen, L, Jia, D, Liu, Z, Lin, Y, Liu, G, Zhang, S, Gao, B
Renal failure. 2024;(1):2319712
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and has been a focus of extensive research. Utilizing Mendelian randomization, researchers have begun to untangle the complex causal relationships underlying CKD. This review delves into the advances and challenges in the application of MR in the field of nephrology, shifting from a mere summary of its principles and limitations to a more nuanced exploration of its contributions to our understanding of CKD. METHODS Key findings from recent studies have been pivotal in reshaping our comprehension of CKD. Notably, evidence indicates that elevated testosterone levels may impair renal function, while higher sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels appear to be protective, predominantly in men. Surprisingly, variations in plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels seem unaffected by genetically induced changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), suggesting an independent pathway for renal function impairment. RESULTS Furthermore, lifestyle factors such as physical activity and socioeconomic status emerge as significant influencers of CKD risk and kidney health. The relationship between sleep duration and CKD is nuanced; short sleep duration is linked to increased risk, while long sleep duration does not exhibit a clear causal effect. Additionally, lifestyle factors, including diet, exercise, and mental wellness activities, play a crucial role in kidney health. New insights also reveal a substantial causal connection between both central and general obesity and CKD onset, while no significant links were found between genetically modified LDL cholesterol or triglyceride levels and kidney function. CONCLUSION This review not only presents the recent achievements of MR in CKD research but also illuminates the path forwards, underscoring critical unanswered questions and proposing future research directions in this dynamic field.
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Clinical effects of atorvastatin combined with conbercept in the treatment of patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion and carotid plaque: study protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial.
Yao, B, Wang, B, Yang, J, Geng, Y, Yu, H, Liu, Y, Liu, G, Wang, X
Trials. 2024;(1):244
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs have been widely used in patients with macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO); however, recurrence is a major concern. This study aims to observe the clinical effects of atorvastatin and intravitreal therapy in the treatment of patients with branch or central RVO-ME and coexistent carotid plaques (CP). METHODS AND ANALYSIS A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial will be conducted. Sixty-four patients diagnosed with branch or central RVO-ME and coexistent CP will be enrolled and randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to the control and experimental groups. The control group will be treated with intravitreal conbercept monthly for 3 months, followed by monthly evaluation and injection of pro re nata (PRN) for 12 months, while the experimental group will be treated with oral atorvastatin 20 mg daily combined with the control group treatment. If a drop of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) is more than five Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters (one line) or an increment in central subfield thickness (CSFT) of 100 μm (or a 10% increment from the previous visit), intravitreal re-treatment will be performed. Outcome measurements include CSFT, BCVA, number of injections, and incidence of adverse events during the 12-month follow-up period. Differences between groups will be evaluated using Student's t-test, and comparisons between groups will be evaluated using repeated-measures analysis of variance. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Nanjing, China (approval number 2023KY0418-12, dated 18 April 2023), and has been registered on chictr.org.cn. Written informed consent will be collected from each patient and the results of this trial will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2300071359. Registered on 12 May 2023.